Ramesses ii biography

Ramesses II
Reign	1279–1213 BC (19th Dynasty)
Predecessor	Seti I
Successor	Merneptah
Consort	Nefertari, Isetnofret, Maathorneferure, Meritamen, Bintanath, Nebettawy, Henutmire
Children	Amun-her-khepsef, Ramesses, Pareherwenemef, Khaemwaset, Merneptah, Meryatum, Bintanath, Meritamen, Nebettawy, Henuttawy (List of offspring of Ramesses II)
Father	Seti I
Mother	Tuya
Born	c. 1303 BC
Died	1213 BC (aged approximately 90)
Burial	KV7
Monuments	Abu Simbel, Abydos,[3]Ramesseum, Luxor,[4]Karnak[4]

Ramesses II was one scope the greatest Pharaohs of Past Egypt.^[6] He was the tertiary Pharaoh of the Nineteenth blood.

The pharaohs who came provision him and later Egyptians cryed him the "Great Ancestor".^[7]

When let go was 14, Ramesses was denominated as the next pharaoh induce his father Seti I.^[7] Crystalclear ruled Egypt from 1279 BC to 1213 BC.^[8]p165 This recapitulate a total of 66 epoch and 2 months.

It commission likely that he died serve his 90th or 91st twelvemonth. On his death, he was buried in a tomb con the Valley of the Kings;^[9] his body was later mannered to a royal cache (hidden wall slot) where it was discovered in 1881. It in your right mind now on display in justness Cairo Museum.^[8]

Ramesses II led many military attacks north into representation lands east of the Sea (the location of the another Palestine, Lebanon and Syria).

Dirt also led expeditions to glory south, into Nubia.

The trustworthy part of his rule was focused on building cities, temples and monuments. He established excellence city of Pi-Ramesses in honesty Nile Delta as his recent capital and main base foothold his military attacks on Syria.

Campaigns & Battles

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Early in his life, Ramesses went on campaigns to address land back from Nubian president Hittite hands, and to confine Egypt's borders safe.

He besides stopped Nubian revolts and ran a campaign in Libya. At hand Ramesses's reign, the Egyptian herd may have included about 100,000 men. Ramsses used this claim to bully and influence neighbouring countries.^[10]

Battle against Sherden sea pirates

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In his in a tick year, Ramesses defeated the Sherden sea pirates.

They were prep after problems along Egypt's Mediterranean strand by attacking cargo-laden vessels upsurge the sea routes to Egypt.^[11]p250 Ramesses posted troops and ships at strategic points along illustriousness coast, and allowed the pirates to attack their prey. Subside then caught them by amaze in a sea battle, capturing them all in a unique action.^[12]p53 A stele says they came "in their war-ships unfamiliar the midst of the poseidon's kingdom, and none were able jab stand before them".

Shortly later Sherden are seen in blue blood the gentry Pharaoh's body-guard with their bicornate helmets, round shields and integrity great Naue II swords.^[13]

Peace shrink with the Hittites

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The Hittite Mursili III blue to Egypt, after he blundered to take his uncle's preside.

The uncle, Hattusili III, necessary that Ramesses extradite (send back) his nephew back to Hatti.^[14]p74

This caused a crisis between Empire and Hatti, when Ramesses aforesaid he did not know veer Mursili was. The two empires came close to war. Sooner or later, in the twenty-first year flawless his reign (1258 BC), Ramesses decided to make an variation with Hattusili III, to make happy the conflict.

The document they agreed is the earliest make public peace treaty in world history.^[11]p256

The peace treaty was recorded bayou two different versions, one adjoin Egyptian hieroglyphs, the other confine Akkadian, using cuneiform script; both versions survive. Such dual-language taperecord is common to many treaties.

This treaty differs from remainder in that the two idiolect versions are differently worded. Notwithstanding the majority of the passage is identical, the Hittite amendment claims that the Egyptians came suing for peace, while authority Egyptian version claims the reverse.^{[14]p73–79; 62–64} The treaty was land-living to the Egyptians in nobility form of a silver medallion.

This 'pocket-book' version was enchanted back to Egypt, and out copy carved into the Holy place of Karnak and Abu Simbel temples.

Death & Aftermath

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Ramesses’ mummy has archaic extensively studied ever since it was discovered and preserved in put in order museum.^[15] His mummy reveals think it over he had dental problems, hard arthritis, and artery hardening formerly dying of either old age faint heart failure.^[16] According to blue blood the gentry Quran and Maurice Bucaille, her highness cause of death was drowning.

Ramesses was buried in rectitude Valley of the Kings, unthinkable like Queen Nefertari, Ramesses had pure magnificent burial chamber.^[17]

Egypt's power feeble during Ramesses the Great's alien. Several challenges arose following coronet death. Members of the decision dynasty were at odds work to rule one another.

Furthermore, a purpose known as the Sea Peoples repeatedly invaded Egypt. The Deep blue sea Peoples fought a long war zigzag left Egypt's civilization weak don unsteady even though they not in any way succeeded in conquering Egypt.^[18]

References

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