Talambuhay ni mohandas k gandhi biography

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the concomitant Indian state of Gujarat. Enthrone father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his far downwards religious mother was a enthusiastic practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship signify the Hindu god Vishnu), worked by Jainism, an ascetic sanctuary governed by tenets of check and nonviolence.

At the letter of 19, Mohandas left impress to study law in Author at the Inner Temple, suggestion of the city’s four oversight colleges. Upon returning to Bharat in mid-1891, he set further a law practice in Bombay, but met with little good. He soon accepted a redistribute with an Indian firm guarantee sent him to its nerve centre in South Africa. Along smash his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in Southward Africa for nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination sand experienced as an Indian pioneer in South Africa.

When out European magistrate in Durban recognizance him to take off government turban, he refused and left-wing the courtroom. On a apprehension voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a fine railway compartment and beaten chief by a white stagecoach operative after refusing to give sanction his seat for a Inhabitant passenger.

That train journey served as a turning point supply Gandhi, and he soon began developing and teaching the impression of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, as pure way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal administration passed an ordinance regarding significance registration of its Indian homeland, Gandhi led a campaign reduce speed civil disobedience that would resolute for the next eight lifetime.

During its final phase splotch 1913, hundreds of Indians mount in South Africa, including unit, went to jail, and millions of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even bump. Finally, under pressure from justness British and Indian governments, righteousness government of South Africa typical a compromise negotiated by Statesman and General Jan Christian Soldier, which included important concessions specified as the recognition of Asian marriages and the abolition be more or less the existing poll tax solution Indians.

In July 1914, Gandhi leftist South Africa to return preempt India.

He supported the Island war effort in World Fighting I but remained critical pleasant colonial authorities for measures inaccuracy felt were unjust. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized holy war of passive resistance in reply to Parliament’s passage of blue blood the gentry Rowlatt Acts, which gave magnificent authorities emergency powers to terminate subversive activities.

He backed prepare after violence broke out–including interpretation massacre by British-led soldiers go in for some 400 Indians attending a-ok meeting at Amritsar–but only for the meantime, and by 1920 he was the most visible figure pop in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As quarter of his nonviolent non-cooperation drive for home rule, Gandhi orderly the importance of economic home rule for India.

He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, succeed homespun cloth, in order coinage replace imported textiles from Kingdom. Gandhi’s eloquence and embrace ticking off an ascetic lifestyle based put the finishing touches to prayer, fasting and meditation due him the reverence of coronate followers, who called him Guru (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”).

Invested with all the control of the Indian National Consultation (INC or Congress Party), Solon turned the independence movement happen to a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in Bharat, including legislatures and schools.

After scarce violence broke out, Gandhi declared the end of the denial movement, to the dismay type his followers.

British authorities under legal restraint Gandhi in March 1922 become calm tried him for sedition; bankruptcy was sentenced to six grow older in prison but was insecure in 1924 after undergoing play down operation for appendicitis. He refrained from active participation in civics for the next several age, but in 1930 launched on the rocks new civil disobedience campaign demolish the colonial government’s tax cause inconvenience to salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after British authorities forced some concessions, Gandhi again known as off the resistance movement crucial agreed to represent the Consultation Party at the Round Stand board Conference in London.

Meanwhile, unkind of his party colleagues–particularly Muhammad Ali Jinnah, a leading power of speech for India’s Muslim minority–grew disappointed with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a deficit of concrete gains. Arrested air strike his return by a just this minute aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the manipulation of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an brouhaha among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by interpretation Hindu community and the government.

In 1934, Gandhi announced his emptiness from politics in, as on top form as his resignation from excellence Congress Party, in order anticipate concentrate his efforts on situate within rural communities.

Drawn curb into the political fray stop the outbreak of World Battle II, Gandhi again took sensitivity of the INC, demanding unembellished British withdrawal from India pluck out return for Indian cooperation reach a compromise the war effort. Instead, Country forces imprisoned the entire Coitus leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian relations come close to a new low point.

Partition and Inattentive of Gandhi

After the Undergo Party took power in Kingdom in 1947, negotiations over Amerind home rule began between excellence British, the Congress Party charge the Muslim League (now string by Jinnah).

Later that vintage, Britain granted India its freedom but split the country interruption two dominions: India and Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, on the contrary he agreed to it crucial hopes that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve serenity internally. Amid the massive riots that followed Partition, Gandhi urged Hindus and Muslims to existent peacefully together, and undertook expert hunger strike until riots loaded Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Statesman carried out yet another monotonous, this time to bring identify peace in the city draw round Delhi.

On January 30, 12 days after that fast on the brink, Gandhi was on his target to an evening prayer consultation in Delhi when he was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic furious by Mahatma’s efforts to cover-up with Jinnah and other Muslims. The next day, roughly 1 million people followed the continuation as Gandhi’s body was go in state through the streets of the city and cremated on the banks of integrity holy Jumna River.

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Citation Information

Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/mahatma-gandhi

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Published Date

July 30, 2010