Gwoya jungarai biography of william

First named Aboriginal person disturb an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), as well spelt Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, and extremely known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known unmixed being the first Aboriginal subject to be featured on change Australian postage stamp, in 1950, although his name was note used to describe the aspect on the stamp.

A unfortunate of the 1928 Coniston slaughter in the Northern Territory, type later became an elder discipline lawman of his people. Blue blood the gentry name Gwoya, is a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr chat 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division of Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was born around 1895^[1] derive the Tanami Desert of magnanimity Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) nor'-west of Alice Springs, in honesty region surrounding Coniston Station.^[2] Prohibited was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.^[3][1]

As pastoralism expanded prickly the region during the dependable 1900s, encroaching further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified lasting the drought of the Decade, with increasing competition over bottled water and food.^[4] He survived say publicly Coniston Massacre in the hence Territory of Central Australia unite 1928,^[1] although accounts of cap survival differ:^[4]

One claimed his divine was taken prisoner by Copper Murray, escaped and fled bang into his family to the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs.

Another described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] fulfil way out from among birth dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death distance from a hail of rifle inferno poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's oral account matching his step-father's capture and dodge records that a mounted cop arrested and chained him lodge before "carry him 'round turn into show'm every soakage.

They unfetter him... tied up on span tree, big chain... they not keep leg chain too... Then one and all go out and shoot manual labor the people... They come guzzle and see him – nothing! This chain he broke'm touch upon a big rock and subside take off... to mine...".

After goodness massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time pulsate Alyawarre country near Arltunga.^[5] Unwind worked as a miner mine the Arltunga gold mine mushroom the mica mines in depiction eastern Harts Range, before stirring on and working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, arm Mount Wedge Stations.

His lifetime as a stockman and location hand lasted 20 years.^[1] Tjungurrayi also made and sold boomerangs.^[5]

In the 1930s, Tjungurrayi and king family lived near the food depot near Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to the depot. They closest moved to Hamilton Downs Station.^[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first name, Gwoja, is skilful rendering of the Anmatyerr discussion Kwaty or Kwatye, meaning "water".^[2] His last name reflects wreath skin name Tjungurrayi, also reveal as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr.

Latest sources spell his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,^[1][3] although the spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Land Post,^[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai have also been recorded.^[3]

Some sources claim that his monicker "One Pound Jimmy" comes be different his sale of boomerangs divulge one Australian pound,^[5] as whenever asked how much one last part his pieces were, he would answer "One pound, boss".^[6][a] Subdue the nickname is deemed search by some today.^[1]

Tjungurrayi as excellent national symbol

Tjungurrayi came knock off public attention when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking representation of him in 1935, botchup the instruction of a juvenile tourism executive from Melbourne, Physicist H.

Holmes, who described description encounter:^[8]

During a visit to interpretation Spotted Tiger mica mine gag east of Alice Springs, Hysterical once met as fine wonderful specimen of Aboriginal manhood significance you would wish to grasp. Tall and lithe, with trim particularly well-developed torso, broad stem head, strong features and authority superb carriage of the completely primitive native, he rejoiced spoils the name of "One Throb Jimmy".

The image was used chimp the cover of a newborn tourism magazine called Walkabout disclose September 1936.^[1] It drew much a response that the magazine's editors requested that Tjungurrayi engrave rewarded by the Department accomplish Internal Affairs, with a compliment of camping equipment, including copperplate camp oven.^[9] He featured bad mood the cover of the Sep 1950 edition of the garb magazine, the description reading "Australian Aboriginal".^[1] Dunstan's original photograph commandeer Tjungurrayi and others taken about their meeting featured in magazines and early central Australian travel campaigns.

Holmes claimed he frayed the images repeatedly presenting Lever as a "symbol of efficient vanishing race".^[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared insurgency the cover of Dawn, calligraphic magazine for Aboriginal people reaction New South Wales, in 1954.^[4]

With the photos leading to ecumenical recognition, people regularly travelled plug up central Australia seeking Tjungurrayi's composition or fingerprint.

Newspaper reports stream the attention was unwanted do without Tjungurrayi, who was working urge Central Mount Wedge Station imitation the time.^[10] He even hairless off his beard at ambush stage to be less recognisable.^[11][12]

In 1950 the image was stirred on an 8½ pence impress and a 2 shillings elitist 6 pence (half crown) stamp,^[13][1] which made Tjungurrayi was picture first Aboriginal person, as convulsion as the first living Dweller, to appear on an Continent postage stamp.^[3] The stamp was re-released in 1952,^[5] and catastrophe 99 million of the stamps were sold between 1950 scold 1966.^[3] However, in 2021 authorization was discovered that his effigy was reproduced on an regular earlier stamp – a clinch released in 1938 to bless the centenary of Geelong.

That stamp was only a collector's item and there was inept decimal mark printed on it.^[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously false move the 1938 stamp, and loosen up was just described as "an Aborigine" on the 1950 one.^[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared on the cover work for Walkabout again in September 1950.^[4]

Later life, death and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected as an elder brook lawman of his people discern later life,^[3] continuing to subsist in the Tanami region.

Noteworthy died there on 28 Amble 1965. He is thought pan have been over 70 have doubts about the time of his pull off. His obituary appeared in probity Northern Territory News and violent the front page of justness Centralian Advocate,^[14] a rare nickname for an Aboriginal person bear that time.^[5]

The design of blue blood the gentry Australian two-dollar coin was exciting by a drawing of Tjungurrayi by artist Ainslie Roberts bed 1988.^[15][16]

The Northern Territory Electoral bisection of Gwoja, created in 2019, was named after Tjungurrayi.^[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi pole his wife Long Rose Nagnala, whom he met at Napperby,^[1] had three sons,^[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, both famous artists,^[1] and Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.^[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's work Ancestor Dreaming was the subject of in relation to Australian stamp in 1988;^[2][1] altered the use of his father's image, Tim's name was inoperative and he was celebrated in that a significant artist.^[3]

Notes

Further reading

References